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  <title>汗青录</title>
  <link>http://bxhq.blogbus.com</link>
  <description><![CDATA[一切历史都是当代史 一切历史都是个人史 一切历史都是社会史]]></description>
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									<title>汗青录</title>
									<link>http://bxhq.blogbus.com</link>
								</image>  <item>
   <title>明帝国海风云（八）</title>
   <description><![CDATA[<FONT face=宋体>郑和下西洋的费用与明帝国财政收支<SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">郑和下西洋行动之所以被取消，在当时和后世，除了前面所说的有很多人认为这是一个</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“徒慕虚名、自弊中土”的“敝政”外，说其财政支出过于庞大以至于明帝国无法负担，也是一个很重要的原因。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">那么，郑和下西洋行动是不是真的就让明帝国负担不起了呢？是否真的是一件徒耗钱粮毫无意义的海上大游行呢？</SPAN></P><!--sp--><div class="relpost"><br/><h3>随机文章：</h3><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/2670850.html">明帝国海风云（七）</a> 2006-06-17</div><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/2670846.html">明帝国海风云（六）</a> 2006-06-17</div><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/2670834.html">明帝国海风云（五）</a> 2006-06-17</div><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/2667276.html">明帝国海风云（四）</a> 2006-06-16</div><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/1893259.html">《关外建州遗事之二：皇太极的幽怨》下</a> 2006-02-06</div></div><div class="addfav"><br />收藏到：<span class= "delicious"><a href="http://delicious.com/save?url=http%3A%2F%2Fbxhq.blogbus.com%2Flogs%2F2670868.html&title=%E6%98%8E%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E6%B5%B7%E9%A3%8E%E4%BA%91%EF%BC%88%E5%85%AB%EF%BC%89">Del.icio.us</a></span></div><br /><br /><div class="sysmsg"><b><a href="http://www.blogbus.com" target="_blank">博客大巴，你的个人传媒早班车</a></b></div><br /><br />]]></description>
   <link>http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/2670868.html</link>
   <author>碧血汗青</author>
   <pubDate>Sat, 17 Jun 2006 20:53:26 +0800</pubDate>
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  <item>
   <title>明帝国海风云（七）</title>
   <description><![CDATA[<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">天朝上国和外番蛮夷</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">——明帝国的闭关锁国和欧洲大航海时代</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，祖制、忠臣，突然消亡的明帝国海军与海权</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一代雄主永乐大帝死后，继位的明帝国统治者立刻把历史行进的轨迹扳回到了明太祖朱元璋制定的轨道上。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他们显然无法理解永乐大帝的所作所为，因此把北方战线再次收缩到了长城一线，因循汉以后中原帝国固守长城的边塞防御战略，从洪武、永乐时期的主动攻击一变为被动防御，从此基本上就再没主动出击过，导致再次处于汉朝以来中原地区被动挨打的局面，以至于后来瓦剌等部势力日益猖獗，最终演成了“土木堡之变”。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">另一方面，明帝国从皇帝到大臣都一起搬出了明</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">太祖朱元璋的祖训，继续实行“海禁”政策，由此把永乐时期建立的世界最强海权和海军舰队一齐化为了乌有。</SPAN></P><!--sp--><div class="relpost"><br/><h3>随机文章：</h3><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/2670868.html">明帝国海风云（八）</a> 2006-06-17</div><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/2670846.html">明帝国海风云（六）</a> 2006-06-17</div><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/2670834.html">明帝国海风云（五）</a> 2006-06-17</div><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/2667276.html">明帝国海风云（四）</a> 2006-06-16</div><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/1893259.html">《关外建州遗事之二：皇太极的幽怨》下</a> 2006-02-06</div></div><div class="addfav"><br />收藏到：<span class= "delicious"><a href="http://delicious.com/save?url=http%3A%2F%2Fbxhq.blogbus.com%2Flogs%2F2670850.html&title=%E6%98%8E%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E6%B5%B7%E9%A3%8E%E4%BA%91%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%83%EF%BC%89">Del.icio.us</a></span></div><br /><br /><div class="sysmsg"><b><a href="http://www.blogbus.com" target="_blank">博客大巴，你的个人传媒早班车</a></b></div><br /><br />]]></description>
   <link>http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/2670850.html</link>
   <author>碧血汗青</author>
   <pubDate>Sat, 17 Jun 2006 20:48:10 +0800</pubDate>
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   <title>明帝国海风云（六）</title>
   <description><![CDATA[<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">锡兰和苏门答剌战役，帝国远洋舰队的战斗力</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">郑和自十岁余就跟随朱棣左右，可说是在燕王府中长大的。在“靖难之役”中，燕王手下“不独名将甚多，而内臣兼智勇者，亦往往有之。……郑和即三保，李谦即保儿，并云南人。……皆内臣从燕王起兵靖难，出入阵战，多建奇功”，尤其在对李景隆的郑村坝（今北京大兴县境内东坝）作战中，他更是立下了大功。因此永乐二年封赏“靖难”功臣时，永乐大帝曾亲笔给他提写了一个“郑”字作为赐姓，以表彰此战功绩（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）。</SPAN></P><!--sp--><div class="relpost"><br/><h3>随机文章：</h3><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/2670868.html">明帝国海风云（八）</a> 2006-06-17</div><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/2670850.html">明帝国海风云（七）</a> 2006-06-17</div><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/2670834.html">明帝国海风云（五）</a> 2006-06-17</div><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/2667276.html">明帝国海风云（四）</a> 2006-06-16</div><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/1893259.html">《关外建州遗事之二：皇太极的幽怨》下</a> 2006-02-06</div></div><div class="addfav"><br />收藏到：<span class= "delicious"><a href="http://delicious.com/save?url=http%3A%2F%2Fbxhq.blogbus.com%2Flogs%2F2670846.html&title=%E6%98%8E%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E6%B5%B7%E9%A3%8E%E4%BA%91%EF%BC%88%E5%85%AD%EF%BC%89">Del.icio.us</a></span></div><br /><br /><div class="sysmsg"><b><a href="http://www.blogbus.com" target="_blank">博客大巴，你的个人传媒早班车</a></b></div><br /><br />]]></description>
   <link>http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/2670846.html</link>
   <author>碧血汗青</author>
   <pubDate>Sat, 17 Jun 2006 20:46:12 +0800</pubDate>
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   <title>明帝国海风云（五）</title>
   <description><![CDATA[<FONT face=宋体>肃清（苏门答腊）旧港，旧港宣慰使争位事件</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">比较能直接体现永乐大帝已经把目光注视到海上的事例之一，是近年来海内外的研究成果表明，当时</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">侨居旧港（</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">今苏门答腊巨港</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">）的华人首领、回教穆斯林施进卿，协助郑和剿灭了当时试图袭击郑和船队的东南亚最大的海盗陈祖义部队，并在明帝国支持下控制了旧港这个马六甲海峡的重要港口，同时也正是明帝国把施氏家族扶上了统治者的宝座。。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">这件事的经过相当复杂，但其过程却很明显地表明了永乐大帝对东南亚海域的重视，以及他试图在东南亚地区建立海外统治的努力。</SPAN></P><!--sp--><div class="relpost"><br/><h3>随机文章：</h3><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/2670868.html">明帝国海风云（八）</a> 2006-06-17</div><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/2670850.html">明帝国海风云（七）</a> 2006-06-17</div><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/2670846.html">明帝国海风云（六）</a> 2006-06-17</div><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/2667276.html">明帝国海风云（四）</a> 2006-06-16</div><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/1893259.html">《关外建州遗事之二：皇太极的幽怨》下</a> 2006-02-06</div></div><div class="addfav"><br />收藏到：<span class= "delicious"><a href="http://delicious.com/save?url=http%3A%2F%2Fbxhq.blogbus.com%2Flogs%2F2670834.html&title=%E6%98%8E%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E6%B5%B7%E9%A3%8E%E4%BA%91%EF%BC%88%E4%BA%94%EF%BC%89">Del.icio.us</a></span></div><br /><br /><div class="sysmsg"><b><a href="http://www.blogbus.com" target="_blank">博客大巴，你的个人传媒早班车</a></b></div><br /><br />]]></description>
   <link>http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/2670834.html</link>
   <author>碧血汗青</author>
   <pubDate>Sat, 17 Jun 2006 20:39:47 +0800</pubDate>
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   <title>明帝国海风云（四）</title>
   <description><![CDATA[<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">郑和，本姓马，云南昆阳州人氏。他由于在“靖难之役”对李景隆的一战中功绩显赫，被永乐大帝赐姓为“郑”。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">郑和出身于一个祖上来自西域的穆斯林家庭，并且是回教创始人穆罕默德的后裔。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">郑和家族的由来，在《郑氏家谱》的序中，是这样写的</SPAN></P><!--sp--><div class="relpost"><br/><h3>随机文章：</h3><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/2670868.html">明帝国海风云（八）</a> 2006-06-17</div><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/2670850.html">明帝国海风云（七）</a> 2006-06-17</div><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/2670846.html">明帝国海风云（六）</a> 2006-06-17</div><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/2670834.html">明帝国海风云（五）</a> 2006-06-17</div><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/1893259.html">《关外建州遗事之二：皇太极的幽怨》下</a> 2006-02-06</div></div><div class="addfav"><br />收藏到：<span class= "delicious"><a href="http://delicious.com/save?url=http%3A%2F%2Fbxhq.blogbus.com%2Flogs%2F2667276.html&title=%E6%98%8E%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E6%B5%B7%E9%A3%8E%E4%BA%91%EF%BC%88%E5%9B%9B%EF%BC%89">Del.icio.us</a></span></div><br /><br /><div class="sysmsg"><b><a href="http://www.blogbus.com" target="_blank">博客大巴，你的个人传媒早班车</a></b></div><br /><br />]]></description>
   <link>http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/2667276.html</link>
   <author>碧血汗青</author>
   <pubDate>Fri, 16 Jun 2006 06:31:56 +0800</pubDate>
  </item>
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   <title>《关外建州遗事之二：皇太极的幽怨》下</title>
   <description><![CDATA[<SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《关外建州遗事之二：皇太极的幽怨》下</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">文</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>/</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">碧血汗青</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"></SPAN>&nbsp;</P></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">首先，是皇太极终于发作了。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他在自己的营帐内，面对虚空，好似莽古尔泰就站在面前，大骂道：“尔年幼时，汗父曾与我一体养育乎？并未授以产业！尔所衣食，均我所剩，得依我为生！后因尔弑尔生母，邀功于父，汗父遂令附养于其末生子德格类家。尔众岂不知乎？尔何得砍我耶？尔原系肌瘦将死之人也！我思为汗者，虽甚英勇，亦无自矜夸之理。故惟抚育人民，勤求治道，如乘驽马，谨身自持。彼却视我为庸懦之辈也！”</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">别看皇太极的这一番话处处嚣张占尽上风，其实不然。这番话里，充斥的反倒是酸楚之意，正说出了他心中永远的痛。所谓多少委屈，尽在不言中。</SPAN></P><!--sp--><div class="relpost"><br/><h3>随机文章：</h3><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/2670868.html">明帝国海风云（八）</a> 2006-06-17</div><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/2670850.html">明帝国海风云（七）</a> 2006-06-17</div><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/2670846.html">明帝国海风云（六）</a> 2006-06-17</div><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/2670834.html">明帝国海风云（五）</a> 2006-06-17</div><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/2667276.html">明帝国海风云（四）</a> 2006-06-16</div></div><div class="addfav"><br />收藏到：<span class= "delicious"><a href="http://delicious.com/save?url=http%3A%2F%2Fbxhq.blogbus.com%2Flogs%2F1893259.html&title=%E3%80%8A%E5%85%B3%E5%A4%96%E5%BB%BA%E5%B7%9E%E9%81%97%E4%BA%8B%E4%B9%8B%E4%BA%8C%EF%BC%9A%E7%9A%87%E5%A4%AA%E6%9E%81%E7%9A%84%E5%B9%BD%E6%80%A8%E3%80%8B%E4%B8%8B">Del.icio.us</a></span></div><br /><br /><div class="sysmsg"><b><a href="http://www.blogbus.com" target="_blank">博客大巴，你的个人传媒早班车</a></b></div><br /><br />]]></description>
   <link>http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/1893259.html</link>
   <author>碧血汗青</author>
   <pubDate>Mon, 06 Feb 2006 22:33:42 +0800</pubDate>
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   <title>《关外建州遗事之二：皇太极的幽怨》上</title>
   <description><![CDATA[<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《关外建州遗事之二：皇太极的幽怨》上</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">文</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>/</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">碧血汗青</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">明崇祯四年（公元</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1631</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年），后金天聪五年八月，皇太极率领八旗贝勒与后金大军，赴大凌河与大明关外第一名将祖大寿所统的关宁铁骑决战，争夺大凌河一带的战略据点。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">此次大战，后金军总兵力估计为六至八万左右，其中包括助后金的蒙古军；明军全部</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">官兵为一万三千八百零三人，实力对比悬殊，但明军仗着坚城利炮，一时间与后金战了个旗鼓相当，双方相持不下。是役，虽皇太极决定以围困为主，但在夺取大凌河周围的火力点——堠台时，依然是靠</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">大批的后金战士前赴后继扑向这些</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">堠台的</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的厚实墙体，因此在台上明军密集的炮火及火铳弩箭的射击下，伤亡惨重。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">另外，此役除了双方在辽东军事格局上有所改变外，后金阵营内还发生了一件大事，这件事的影响，甚至大到直接改变了之后的后金政治格局。</SPAN></P><!--sp--><div class="relpost"><br/><h3>随机文章：</h3><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/1770214.html">《关外建州遗事之一：皇太极的淳朴》</a> 2005-12-31</div><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/578736.html">《明清遗事录》（四）</a> 2005-01-15</div><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/578735.html">《明清遗事录》（三）</a> 2005-01-15</div><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/578734.html">《明清遗事录》（二）</a> 2005-01-15</div><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/578733.html">《明清遗事录》（一）</a> 2005-01-15</div></div><div class="addfav"><br />收藏到：<span class= "delicious"><a href="http://delicious.com/save?url=http%3A%2F%2Fbxhq.blogbus.com%2Flogs%2F1774693.html&title=%E3%80%8A%E5%85%B3%E5%A4%96%E5%BB%BA%E5%B7%9E%E9%81%97%E4%BA%8B%E4%B9%8B%E4%BA%8C%EF%BC%9A%E7%9A%87%E5%A4%AA%E6%9E%81%E7%9A%84%E5%B9%BD%E6%80%A8%E3%80%8B%E4%B8%8A">Del.icio.us</a></span></div><br /><br /><div class="sysmsg"><b><a href="http://www.blogbus.com" target="_blank">博客大巴，你的个人传媒早班车</a></b></div><br /><br />]]></description>
   <link>http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/1774693.html</link>
   <author>碧血汗青</author>
   <pubDate>Sun, 01 Jan 2006 01:25:35 +0800</pubDate>
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   <title>《关外建州遗事之一：皇太极的淳朴》</title>
   <description><![CDATA[<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: " Roman?; mso-ascii-font-family: ?Times Times New Roman??>《关外建州遗事之一：皇太极的淳朴》</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: " Roman?; mso-ascii-font-family: ?Times Times New Roman??>文</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>/</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: " Roman?; mso-ascii-font-family: ?Times Times New Roman??>碧血汗青</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>&nbsp;
<P></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: " Roman?; mso-ascii-font-family: ?Times Times New Roman??>日前查阅清入关前之皇室秘档，见记有明崇祯三年（公元</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1630</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: " Roman?; mso-ascii-font-family: ?Times Times New Roman??>年），后金天聪四年七月，明皮岛都司刘兴治遣使者刘兴沛（刘大）等至皇太极处，与皇太极等人签定盟约，以定臣属之事。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: " Roman?; mso-ascii-font-family: ?Times Times New Roman??>十一日，皇太极率领各大贝勒与刘兴沛等人一起到文馆，焚香盟誓。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: " Roman?; mso-ascii-font-family: ?Times Times New Roman??>看到此处，大约会问，何以要到文馆盟誓？这文馆是个什么去处？莫非和庙宇差不多？</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: " Roman?; mso-ascii-font-family: ?Times Times New Roman??>文馆和庙宇可差远了。后金天聪三年（公元</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1629</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: " Roman?; mso-ascii-font-family: ?Times Times New Roman??>年）四月，皇太极设立文馆，将儒臣分为两拨，以巴克什达海，同笔帖式刚林、苏开、顾尔马浑、托布戚等四人一起翻译汉文书籍；又命巴克什库尔缠，同笔帖式吴巴什、查素喀、胡球、詹霸等四人记注本朝政事。之后不断有汉官入馆理事，如范文程、宁完我、鲍承先等，均是自文馆起身。事实上，文馆并不仅仅是个译书、做起居注的文史馆，其他如往来国书和官员奏章也都是由它来处理。到后来，国书和一些外交政务，基本归由范文程处理，甚至在他生病之后，皇太极也坚持要等他病好来处理，而不愿由他人暂时代办。另外，馆内诸大臣还会以奏议的方式参与朝政，故这文馆实为清代内阁之雏型。题外话一句：将《三国演义》翻译为满文以供各大臣贝勒学习之用，就是在天聪年间。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: " Roman?; mso-ascii-font-family: ?Times Times New Roman??>且说皇太极等人前去文馆盟誓，只是这道誓文的内容，其实颇为有趣。</SPAN></P><!--sp--><div class="relpost"><br/><h3>随机文章：</h3><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/1774693.html">《关外建州遗事之二：皇太极的幽怨》上</a> 2006-01-01</div><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/578736.html">《明清遗事录》（四）</a> 2005-01-15</div><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/578735.html">《明清遗事录》（三）</a> 2005-01-15</div><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/578734.html">《明清遗事录》（二）</a> 2005-01-15</div><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/578733.html">《明清遗事录》（一）</a> 2005-01-15</div></div><div class="addfav"><br />收藏到：<span class= "delicious"><a href="http://delicious.com/save?url=http%3A%2F%2Fbxhq.blogbus.com%2Flogs%2F1770214.html&title=%E3%80%8A%E5%85%B3%E5%A4%96%E5%BB%BA%E5%B7%9E%E9%81%97%E4%BA%8B%E4%B9%8B%E4%B8%80%EF%BC%9A%E7%9A%87%E5%A4%AA%E6%9E%81%E7%9A%84%E6%B7%B3%E6%9C%B4%E3%80%8B">Del.icio.us</a></span></div><br /><br /><div class="sysmsg"><b><a href="http://www.blogbus.com" target="_blank">博客大巴，你的个人传媒早班车</a></b></div><br /><br />]]></description>
   <link>http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/1770214.html</link>
   <author>碧血汗青</author>
   <pubDate>Sat, 31 Dec 2005 03:13:40 +0800</pubDate>
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   <title>明帝国海风云（三）</title>
   <description><![CDATA[<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">然而在公元</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1405</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">帖木儿却于东进途中</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">因病去世了，于是这次庞大的军事行动就此夭折，帖木儿的帝国陷入了夺位的纷争之中。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">同年六月，明帝国于永乐元年（公元</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1403</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年）由永乐大帝下令建造的远洋舰队业已全部建成，并完成了编组工作。郑和，这位永乐大帝的亲信，善于征战的总兵级太监，率领着这支</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">当时在中国史乃至世界史上都是最强大的舰队，开出了中国港口，驶向南中国海和西方的亚非大陆。</SPAN></P><!--sp--><div class="relpost"><br/><h3>随机文章：</h3><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/2670868.html">明帝国海风云（八）</a> 2006-06-17</div><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/2670850.html">明帝国海风云（七）</a> 2006-06-17</div><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/2670846.html">明帝国海风云（六）</a> 2006-06-17</div><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/2670834.html">明帝国海风云（五）</a> 2006-06-17</div><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/2667276.html">明帝国海风云（四）</a> 2006-06-16</div></div><div class="addfav"><br />收藏到：<span class= "delicious"><a href="http://delicious.com/save?url=http%3A%2F%2Fbxhq.blogbus.com%2Flogs%2F1259529.html&title=%E6%98%8E%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E6%B5%B7%E9%A3%8E%E4%BA%91%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%89%EF%BC%89">Del.icio.us</a></span></div><br /><br /><div class="sysmsg"><b><a href="http://www.blogbus.com" target="_blank">博客大巴，你的个人传媒早班车</a></b></div><br /><br />]]></description>
   <link>http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/1259529.html</link>
   <author>碧血汗青</author>
   <pubDate>Sat, 11 Jun 2005 06:07:00 +0800</pubDate>
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   <title>明帝国海风云（二）</title>
   <description><![CDATA[<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: " Roman?? New Times ?Times mso-ascii-font-family: Roman?;>明成祖朱棣何以要建设如此庞大的舰队，并屡屡派遣郑和远航，而远航活动几乎贯穿了他整个在位期间，这一直以来都是个疑问。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: " Roman?? New Times ?Times mso-ascii-font-family: Roman?;>在《明史·郑和传》中，倒是对其中原因说得相当明确：</SPAN></P><!--sp--><div class="relpost"><br/><h3>随机文章：</h3><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/2670868.html">明帝国海风云（八）</a> 2006-06-17</div><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/2670850.html">明帝国海风云（七）</a> 2006-06-17</div><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/2670846.html">明帝国海风云（六）</a> 2006-06-17</div><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/2670834.html">明帝国海风云（五）</a> 2006-06-17</div><div><a href="http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/2667276.html">明帝国海风云（四）</a> 2006-06-16</div></div><div class="addfav"><br />收藏到：<span class= "delicious"><a href="http://delicious.com/save?url=http%3A%2F%2Fbxhq.blogbus.com%2Flogs%2F1217512.html&title=%E6%98%8E%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E6%B5%B7%E9%A3%8E%E4%BA%91%EF%BC%88%E4%BA%8C%EF%BC%89">Del.icio.us</a></span></div><br /><br /><div class="sysmsg"><b><a href="http://www.blogbus.com" target="_blank">博客大巴，你的个人传媒早班车</a></b></div><br /><br />]]></description>
   <link>http://bxhq.blogbus.com/logs/1217512.html</link>
   <author>碧血汗青</author>
   <pubDate>Fri, 27 May 2005 22:09:00 +0800</pubDate>
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